农机化研究

针对四川丘陵山区坡陡沟深、田块细碎和黏重土壤附着力大导致的玉米播种均匀性不佳、作业可靠性低等问题，开展了基于电驱动技术的排种研究，旨在提高多变地形条件下排种器的播种性能，并解决传统机械播种机因地轮打滑导致的播种不均匀问题。所研制的播种机集成GPS定位测速装置，通过构建作业速度与排种量的动态耦合，实现播种株距随作业速度实时精准调节的自适应控制；结合正交试验与台架试验，验证了电驱动排种器的性能。结果表明：在基准工况(作业速度4 km/h、离地高度10 cm、响应时间200 ms)下，排种合格指数达91.6%,重播率与漏播率分别为3.7%和4.7%,排种器作业性能稳定。此外，针对电驱特性，系统配备多模式变速箱，可快速调整播种量，使电机工作在最佳区间，从而进一步提升复杂地形下机具的通过性与作业效率。该研究成果为丘陵地区玉米精量排种提供了理论依据和技术装备支撑，其自适应控制策略有效解决了复杂工况下播种均匀性难题，对提升区域农业机械化水平具有重要实践价值。

Aiming at the problems of poor uniformity of corn sowing and low operational reliability caused by steep slopes, deep ditches, fine fields, and sticky soil adhesion in the hilly and mountainous areas of Sichuan Province, a seeding research based on electric drive technology was carried out to improve the sowing performance of seed metering device under changing terrain conditions and solve the problem of uneven sowing caused by traditional mechanical seeders due to wheel slippage. The seeder developed integrated a GPS positioning and speed measurement device. By constructing the dynamic coupling operating speed with the seeding amount to achieve adaptive control of real-time and precise adjustment of the sowing distance with the operating speed; Combined with orthogonal test and bench test, the performance of electric drive metering device was verified. The results showed that under the benchmark working conditions(operating speed of 4 km/h, ground height of 10 cm, response time of 200 ms), the seeding qualification index of seed metering was 91.6%, the replay rate and missed rate were 3.7% and 4.7%, respectively, and the performance of seed metering device was stable. In addition, based on the characteristics of electric drive, the system was equipped with a multi-mode gearbox, which could quickly adjust the seeding amount, allowing the motor to work in the optimal range, thereby further improving the passability and operational efficiency of complex terrains. The research results provided theoretical basis and technical equipment support for precision seeding of corn in hilly areas. The adaptive control strategy effectively solved the problem of uniform sowing under complex working conditions, and had important practical value for improving the level of regional agricultural mechanization.