农机化研究

针对山地果园开沟器存在的作业阻力大、开沟深度稳定性不足等问题，设计了一种仿生减阻开沟器。以穿山甲第3爪趾为仿生原型，设计了仿生开沟刀，并基于EDEM-RecurDyn耦合仿真技术对其作业过程进行分析。为探究关键作业参数对开沟器性能的影响，以开沟阻力和深度稳定性系数为评价指标，对开沟深度、刀盘转速、前进速度展开研究。结果显示：开沟阻力会随着开沟深度、刀盘转速、前进速度的增加而增大；开沟深度稳定性系数则会随着开沟深度和前进速度的增加而减小，随刀盘转速的增加而增大。通过响应面分析进行参数优化，得到最优参数组合为：开沟深度311.07 mm,刀盘转速602.88 r/min,前进速度0.71 km/h。此时，开沟阻力为2 427.53 N,开沟深度稳定性系数为88.75%,开沟阻力与开沟深度稳定性系数的仿真值与试验值相对误差分别为8.21%和5.16%,表明耦合仿真模型具有较高的准确性。与普通开沟器相比，仿生开沟器的作业阻力降低了8.55%,符合国家相关标准要求。研究结果可为果园开沟施肥机开沟器的设计与优化提供理论依据和技术参考。

To address issues such as high operational resistance and insufficient trenching depth stability in mountain orchard trenchers, a biomimetic drag-reducing trencher has been designed. Taking the third claw toe of the pangolin as the biomimetic prototype, a biomimetic trenching blade was engineered. Utilizing EDEM-RecurDyn coupled simulation technology, its operational process was analyzed. To investigate the performance impact of key operational parameters, tren-ching resistance and depth stability coefficient were employed as evaluation metrics to study trenching depth, cutter disc rotational speed, and forward speed. Results indicate that trenching resistance increased with the increase of trenching depth, cutter disc rotational speed, and forward speed. Conversely, the trenching depth stability coefficient decreased with the increase of trenching depth and forward speed, and increased with the increase of cutter disc rotational speed. Through parametric optimization analysis, the optimal parameter combination was determined as: trenching depth 311.07 mm, cutterhead rotational speed 602.88 r/min, and forward speed 0.71 km/h. Under this optimal configuration, the trenching resistance was 2,427.53 N and trenching depth stability coefficient was 88.75%. The relative errors between simulated and experimental values for trenching resistance and trenching depth stability coefficient were 7.58% and 5.44% respectively, indicating high accuracy of the coupled simulation model. Compared with conventional trenchers, the biomimetic trencher reduced operational resistance by 8.55%, meeting relevant national technical standards. These findings provided theoretical foundations and technical references for the design and optimization of the trenchers in orchard fertiliser trenching machinery.