农机化研究

针对谷子排种器充种时流动性差、播种时易出现漏播、重播导致播种均匀性差，以及同一单体挂载两个排种器占用机具空间大、调节行距繁琐的问题，基于谷子的物理特性、穴播农艺要求和大垄双行种植模式，设计了一种窝眼轮式双行谷子精量排种器，并对排种器关键部件进行设计与分析。为得到谷子双行排种器最优参数组合，进行了正交仿真试验，选取型孔左壁倾角、型孔深度和窝眼轮转速为试验因素，以合格率、重播率、漏播率和合格变异系数为评价指标。结果表明：型孔左壁倾角为8.19°,型孔深度为3.51 mm、窝眼轮转速为26.12 r/min时的播种性能最优，合格率为94.28%,重播率为3.01%,漏播率为2.71%,合格变异系数为0.24%。对优化结果进行了田间验证试验，合格率为90.86%,重播率为4.87%,漏播率为4.27%,合格变异系数为0.31%,指标均满足谷子穴播农艺要求。

In view of the poor fluidity of millet metering device during seed filling, the problems of poor sowing uniformity caused by missed sowing and reseeding, and the large space occupied by two metering devices mounted on the same single unit and the cumbersome adjustment of row spacing, based on the physical properties of millet, the agronomic requirements of dibbling and the planting mode of double rows on large ridges, a double-row precision seed metering device with cup-shaped seed wheel for millet was designed, and the key components of the metering device were designed and analyzed. In order to obtain the optimal parameter combination of millet double-row metering device, the orthogonal simulation test was carried out. The left wall inclination angle of the hole, the depth of the hole and the rotation speed of the socket wheel were selected as the test factors, and the qualified rate, reseeding rate, missed seeding rate and qualified variation coefficient were taken as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the optimal sowing performance was achieved when the left wall inclination angle of the hole was 8.19°, the hole depth was 3.51 mm, and the socket wheel speed was 26.12 r/min. The qualified rate was 94.28%, the replay rate was 3.01%, the missed sowing rate was 2.71%, and the qualified coefficient of variation was 0.24%. Field validation tests were conducted on the optimization results, with a qualified rate of 90.86%, a replay rate of 4.87%, a missed sowing rate of 4.27%, and the qualified coefficient of variation at 0.31%. All the indicators met the agronomic requirements for millet hole sowing.