农机化研究

为打破国产采棉机的技术瓶颈，研究采棉头柔性垂直摘锭的动力学特性，提高采棉机的采净率和稳定性，以自主研发的新型柔性垂直摘锭式采棉机作为研究背景，通过ADAMS虚拟样机技术建立其刚柔耦合的动力学模型，对采棉系统的动态特性进行了研究。结果表明：运行过程中受皮带变形影响，摘锭轴加速度曲线在0位附近正负交替剧烈，有明显的振动现象，但很快便会恢复；每0.5 s为1个运动周期，起步时摘锭受力太大容易引起轻微振动，摘锭前后周期的受力曲线波动大致相同，能够平稳运行；在摘锭刚进入内外皮带时，转动方向改变，受力也会改变并达到最大值，产生的冲击引起摘锭轴的振动，进而对整个采棉系统产生一定影响；皮带和摘锭轴的最大等效应力均在各材料的抗拉强度之内，不会发生破坏。动力学计算结果可为后续国产采棉机结构设计、改进、分析提供数据参考和指导意义。

In order to break the technical bottleneck of domestic cotton picking machines, study the dynamic characteristics of flexible vertical picking of cotton picking heads, and improve the picking efficiency and stability of cotton picking machines, took a new type of independently developed flexible vertical picking cotton picking machine as the research background, established its rigid flexible coupling dynamic model through ADAMS virtual prototype technology, and studied the dynamic characteristics of the cotton picking system. The results showed that during operation, due to the deformation of the belt, the acceleration curve of the ingot picking axis alternated violently between positive and negative near the 0 position, with obvious vibration phenomena, but it recoverd quickly; Every 0.5 s was a motion cycle. When starting, too much force was applied to the ingot during picking, which can easily cause slight vibration. The force curve before and after picking was roughly the same, and it can run smoothly; When the picking spindle just entered the inner and outer belts, the direction of rotation changed, and the force also changed and reached the maximum value. The resulting impact causes vibration of the picking spindle shaft, which in turn had a certain impact on the entire cotton picking system; The maximum equivalent stress of the belt and ingot picking shaft was within the tensile strength of each material and will not cause damage. The dynamic calculation results can provide data reference and guidance for the structural design, improvement, and analysis of domestic cotton pickers in the future.